Ndezvipi Zvishandiso Zvinodiwa Kuti Uvake Nzvimbo Yekutaurirana Nemagetsi? Gwaro Rekuvaka Nzvimbo Dzekutaurirana Nemagetsi Nemagetsi

Nzvimbo yekutaurirana nemagetsi inosanganisa tekinoroji yekugadzira magetsi inosanganisa magetsi anoburitsa magetsi nekuvaka nzvimbo dzekutaurirana. Inopa simba rakasimba uye rakavimbika rekushandisa michina yekutaurirana munzvimbo dzisina grid rakakwana, senge nzvimbo dziri kure, nzvimbo dzine makomo, uye zvitsuwa. Chinyorwa chino chichapa ruzivo rwakadzama nezvemidziyo mikuru neyekubatsira inodiwa pakuvaka nzvimbo dzekutaurirana nemagetsi, pamwe nepfungwa dzakakosha dzekugadzirisa, zvichipa gwara rinoshanda kune nyanzvi dzeindasitiri.

I. Midziyo Yekugadzira Magetsi Yepakati

1. Mamodule ePhotovoltaic (Mapaneru Ezuva)

Mamodule ephotovoltaic ndiwo "moyo" wehurongwa hwese, ane basa rekushandura simba rezuva kuita magetsi akananga (DC). Nzvimbo dzekutaurirana dzinowanzo shandisa mapaneru ezuva e monocrystalline kana polycrystalline silicon, ane simba rinowanzo bva pa200W kusvika 400W. Huwandu uye kugona kwemamodule ephotovoltaic zvinofanirwa kugadziriswa nemazvo zvichienderana nekushandiswa kwesimba kwemidziyo yekutaurirana uye mamiriro ezuva emunharaunda. Zvinokurudzirwa kusarudza zvigadzirwa zvine mukurumbira zvine simba rekushandura uye kudzivirira kwakasimba kwemamiriro ekunze, uye kuchengetedza mukana we15%–20%.

2. MaInverter ePhotovoltaic

MaInverters anoshandura simba reDC rinogadzirwa nemamodule ephotovoltaic kuita simba reAC rinoshandiswa nemidziyo yekutaurirana. Kune nzvimbo dzekutaurirana, ma pure sine wave inverters anokurudzirwa, sezvo achigadzira waveform yakachena inodzivirira michina yekutaurirana inonzwisisika. Nezvekusarudza simba, simba rakatarwa reinverter rinofanira kunge rakakura ka1.5 kusvika kaviri kupfuura simba rese rinoshandiswa nemidziyo yekutaurirana kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti inoshanda zvakanaka kunyangwe panguva yekuremerwa kwakanyanya.

3. Bhangi reBhatiri

Bhatiri iri rinoshanda se "nzvimbo yemagetsi" yenzvimbo dzekutaurirana dze photovoltaic, richipa simba kumidziyo yekutaurirana husiku kana panguva yemvura ine makore kana kuti inonaya. Mhando nhatu dzakajairika mabhatiri e lead-acid, mabhatiri e gel, uye mabhatiri e lithium-ion. Mabhatiri e lead-acid anodhura zvishoma asi ane hupenyu hupfupi; mabhatiri e gel haagadziriswi zvakanyanya uye akakodzera nzvimbo dzisina vanhu; kunyangwe mabhatiri e lithium-ion achidhura zvakanyanya, anopa hupenyu hurefu uye huwandu hwesimba rakawanda, zvichiita kuti ave sarudzo inosarudzwa kune nzvimbo dzemhando yepamusoro. Kugona kwebhatiri kunofanirwa kuverengerwa zvichienderana nehuwandu hwepamusoro hwemazuva ekunaya akatevedzana uye avhareji yesimba rinoshandiswa pazuva remidziyo yekutaurirana.

II. Midziyo Yekugovera Nekudzora Simba

1. Mutongi wePV

Chinodzora chePV chinoshanda se "pfungwa" yesystem yekugadzira simba re photovoltaic. Chinotarisira maitiro ekuchaja kubva kuma PV modules kuenda kumabhatiri, chinodzivirira kuchaja zvakanyanya uye kuburitsa simba zvakanyanya, uye chinowedzera hupenyu hwebhatiri. Kune nzvimbo dzekutaurirana, zvinokurudzirwa kusarudza chinodzora cheMPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking), chinogona kuvandudza mashandiro ekugadzira simba ne15%–30% zvichienzaniswa nePWM controllers. Current yakayerwa yemutongi inofanira kunge yakakura kupfuura 1.25 nguva ye short-circuit current yema PV modules.

2. Kabhineti Yekugovera Magetsi

Kabhineti yekugovera magetsi inoshandiswa pakutarisira nekugovera magetsi pakati, uye inosanganisira zvinhu zvinodzivirira zvakaita semacircuit breakers, mafiyuzi, uye ma surge protectors. Kabhineti yekugovera magetsi panzvimbo yekutaurirana inofanira kuva nemabasa akawanda ekudzivirira, anosanganisira kudzivirira mheni, kudzivirira overload, uye short-circuit, kuitira kuchengetedza kuchengetedzeka kwemagetsi. Kabhineti inofanira kuva neIP65 protection rating kuti ikwanise kutsungirira mamiriro ekunze akaoma.

3. Monitoring System

Sisitimu yekutarisa iri kure inoshanda se "maziso" enzvimbo yekutaurirana yePV, inokwanisa kutarisa panguva chaiyo ma parameter akakosha akadai sekugadzira simba rePV module, huwandu hwekuchaja kwebhatiri, mamiriro e inverter, uye tembiricha yemhepo. Data rinotumirwa kunzvimbo yekutarisa kuburikidza ne4G/5G networks kana satellite communications, zvichigonesa mashandiro asina kutarisirwa uye nyevero dzezvikanganiso. Sisitimu yekutarisa inofanira kusanganisira mabasa akadai sekuchengetedza data rekare, zviziviso zvealamu, uye remote control.

III. Zvishandiso zveMaumbirwo neKuisa

1. Masisitimu Ekugadzika PV

Masisitimu ekugadzika ePV anoshandiswa kuchengetedza nekutsigira ma module e photovoltaic; mhando yakakodzera inofanira kusarudzwa zvichienderana nemamiriro enzvimbo yekuisa. Pakuisa pasi, nheyo dzekongiri kana ma screw piles anogona kushandiswa; kuisa padenga kunoda kutariswa kwesimba rekutakura mutoro uye kudzivirira mvura; kuisa muma slope kunoda masisitimu ekugadzika anogadzirisika. Zvinhu zvekugadzika zvinofanirwa kunge zvakabikwa nesimbi yakagadzika kana aruminiyamu, izvo zvinopa kudzivirira ngura kwakanaka.

2. Makabati nemaRacks

Midziyo yekutaurirana inofanira kuiswa mumakabati ane mwero wekudzivirira wakakwira. Makabati anowanzo kuve nemwero wekudzivirira weIP55 kana IP65, zvichipa kugona kudzivirira guruva, kusapinda mvura, uye kusaora. Mukati memakabati unoda kurongeka kwakanaka uye nzvimbo yakakwana yekuparadza kupisa uye unofanirwa kuve nesystem yekudzora tembiricha (mafeni kana mhepo inotonhodza) kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti michina inoshanda patembiricha yakakodzera.

3. Tambo neZvinobatanidza

Masisitimu emagetsi ezuva anoda kushandiswa kwetambo dzePV dzakagadzirwa nehunyanzvi dzine simba rekudzivirira UV, simba rekudzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya, uye simba rekudzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya. Tambo dzemagetsi dzemidziyo yekutaurirana dzinofanira kudzivirirwa kuderedza kupindirana kwemagetsi. Makontena ese anofanira kunge asina mvura uye asingapindi guruva; zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro zvakaita seMC4 connectors zvinokurudzirwa.

IV. Midziyo Yekuchengetedza Nekubatsira

1. Sisitimu yekudzivirira mheni

Sezvo nzvimbo dzekutaurirana dzePV dzichiwanzo kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzakashama, dziviriro yemheni inonyanya kukosha. Zvishandiso zvemheni nemidziyo yekudzivirira kukwira kwemvura (SPDs) zvinofanirwa kuiswa, uye sisitimu yekudzika kwayo inofanira kuiswa. Kudzivirira kudzika kwemvura kunofanirwa kunge kuri pasi pe10 Ω kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti magetsi anopararira zvakanaka panguva yekurova kwemheni.

2. Moto Safety Equipment

Mukati memakabhineti munofanira kunge muine masisitimu ekudzimisa moto otomatiki (akadai semasisitimu egasi eheptafluoropropane), uye michina yekudzimisa moto yakaita sezvidzimisi zvemoto zvine hupfu hwakaoma inofanira kuiswa panzvimbo yacho. Sisitimu yekutarisa inofanira kubatanidza mabasa ekunyevera utsi nekupisa.

3. Midziyo Yekutarisa Zvakatipoteredza

Isa michina yekutarisa nharaunda yakadai se sensor yekupisa nehunyoro, pamwe chete ne sensor yekumhanya kwemhepo nekutungamira, kuti ipe rutsigiro rwedata renharaunda yekushanda kwesystem. Kana mamiriro ekunze akaipisisa, system inogona kugadzirisa yega nzira yayo yekushanda kuti ichengetedze kuchengetedzeka kwemidziyo.

V. Pfungwa huru dzekugadzirisa uye mazano

1. Nheyo yeKuenzanisa Kugona

Kugona kwemamodule e photovoltaic, kugona kwebhatiri, uye simba re inverter zvinofanira kuenderana zvine mwero. Kazhinji, magadzirirwo acho anotevera chiyero che "photovoltaic module power : kugona kwebhatiri : simba re inverter = 1:1.2:1.5," kunyangwe zvigadziriso zvakananga zvichifanira kuitwa zvichienderana nemamiriro ezuva remunharaunda uye kushandiswa kwesimba kwemidziyo yekutaurirana.

2. Dhizaini yeKudzoserwa Kwemari

Tichifunga nezvezvinhu zvakaita sekukwegura kwemidziyo uye kudzikira kwekushanda kwayo, zvinokurudzirwa kuchengetedza 20%–30% yekukwanisa kwayo panguva yekugadzira sisitimu. Kune michina yakakosha yakaita sevatongi nema inverters, N+1 redundancy configuration inokurudzirwa.

3. Maintenance Convenience

Kurongeka kwemidziyo kunofanira kubatsira pakugadzirisa nekugadzirisa, nenzvimbo yakakwana yekushanda yakachengetwa. Mabhatiri emagetsi anofanira kuiswa munzvimbo dzine mhepo inofefetera zvakanaka kuti zvive nyore kutsiva. Sisitimu yekutarisa inofanira kupa ruzivo rwakadzama nezvemamiriro emidziyo kuti zviite kuti zviongororwe zvikanganiso.

4. Mutengo-Kubatsira Kuongorora

Pakusarudza michina, zvinhu zvakaita sekudyara kwekutanga, mari yeO&M, uye hupenyu hwebasa zvinofanirwa kufungwa zvizere. Kunyangwe michina yepamusoro ichisanganisira kudyara kwekutanga kwakakwira, inogona kuderedza mutengo wese wekuva muridzi (TCO) nekufamba kwenguva.

Kuvakwa kwenzvimbo dzekutaurirana ne photovoltaic ipurojekiti yeinjiniya yakarongeka inoda kusarudza marongero akakodzera emidziyo zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo ekushandisa. Zvinokurudzirwa kuita ongororo dzakadzama dzenzvimbo uye kuongorora mutoro usati waitwa purojekiti kuti ugadzire hurongwa hwekuvaka hwakasimba nesainzi. Pamusoro pezvo, sisitimu yakazara yekutarisira O&M inofanira kuiswa, nekutarisa nguva dzose uye kugadzirisa michina kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti nzvimbo dzekutaurirana dzinoshanda kwenguva refu. Nekufambira mberi kuri kuramba kuchiitwa kwetekinoroji ye photovoltaic uye kudzikira kuri kuramba kuchiitika kwemitengo, nzvimbo dzekutaurirana ne photovoltaic dzichaita basa rakakosha muminda yakawanda, dzichipa kufukidzwa kwekutaurirana kwakavimbika kunzvimbo dziri kure.