Sarudzo yeMagadzirirwo eBhatiri yeZviitiko zveHigh-Rate Charge uye Discharge: Stacking kana Winding?

Yakavambwa muna 2002, iine hunyanzvi mukugadzira michina yekutaurirana uye kubatanidza kuchengetwa kwesimba, uye ishamwari yakavimbika yemakambani mana makuru emafoni muChina.

Kana sisitimu yekuchengetera simba ichifanira panguva imwe chete kupa simba rakawanda, mhinduro yechikamu che millisecond, uye kushanda kwakasimba kwenguva refu, dhizaini yezvivakwa zvebhatiri haisisiri nyaya yekugadzira chete. Pane kudaro, inova parameter huru yesisitimu inosarudza kudzora kwemukati, kushanda zvakanaka kwekutonga kwekupisa, uye hupenyu hwese hwese. Kunyanya mumamiriro ezvinhu echarge/discharge e 3C–10C zvichikwira, chimiro chemukati memasero chinokanganisa zvakananga kugoverwa kwe resistance, electrochemical polarization, nzira dzekupararira kwekupisa, uye manejimendi yekushushikana kwemuchina.

Kune mainjiniya vari kusarudza masisitimu ekuchengetedza simba, vanonzwisisa mutsauko mukuru uripo pakati pe mabhatiri e lithium akaunganidzwa uye masero emaronda Kana mamiriro ekushanda ari epamusoro-soro akakosha pakugadzira sisitimu yakavimbika.

Chinyorwa chino chinoongorora zvakarongeka mashandiro ehunyanzvi emhando dzakasiyana dze zvivakwa zvebhatiri mukushandiswa kwepamusoro-soro kubva pamaonero akasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira nzira iripo, electrochemical impedance, maitiro ethermodynamic, kushushikana kwechimiro, uye kubatanidzwa kwemasisitimu. Inoongororawo kukosha kwavo kweinjiniya mukugadzira zvigadzirwa zvekuchengetedza simba renyika chaiyo.

1. Nzira dzekubatanidza Electrochemical-Structural Pamamiriro Ezvinhu Akakwirira

Mumamiriro ezvinhu ane mwero wakaderera (≤1C), kurasikirwa kwemagetsi ebhatiri kunonyanya kubva mukuramba kwemukati kwezvinhu uye kuramba kwekufambisa kweionic kwe electrolyte, nepo kukanganisa kwemusiyano wechimiro kuri kushoma.
Zvisinei, kana mwero wacho wapfuura 3C, kuramba kwe ohmic (Rₒ), kuramba kuchinjisa-kuchinjisa (Rct), uye kupatsanurana kwehuwandu hwemagetsi kunowedzera nekukurumidza, uye dambudziko rekupararira kwemagetsi asina kuenzana mukati mesero rinotanga kubuda.

Voltage yekupedzisira yebhatiri inogona kuratidzwa seizvi:

apo Rₒ inoenderana zvakanyanya nehurefu hwenzira iripo mu electrode current collector.

Muchimiro cheronda, magetsi anotumirwa pamwe chete nehurefu hwepepa remagetsi, zvichikonzera nzira yakareba yekufambisa maerekitironi. Kusiyana neizvi, chimiro chakarongwa chinoshandisa ma tabo akawanda akabatana pamwe chete kuti apatsanure magetsi, zvichiita kuti apfuure nemaerekitironi mugwara reukobvu, zvichideredza zvakanyanya daro rekufambisa maerekitironi. Pasi pekubuda kwemhepo kwakanyanya, musiyano uyu munzira yemagetsi unoratidzwa zvakananga mukudonha kwemagetsi uye simba rekugadzira kupisa.

Miedzo yeinjiniya inowanzoratidza kuti kana huwandu hwekubuda kwemvura huchikwira kubva 1C ku5C,
Kukwira kwetembiricha yemasero eronda kwakakwirira zvakanyanya kupfuura kwemasero akaunganidzwa, zvichiratidza kuti
kuwanda kwakanyanya kwehuwandu hwemukati memagetsi. Mhedzisiro iyi yekuwanda haingokanganisi chete ipapo ipapo
kushanda zvakanaka, asi zvakare zvinokurumidzisa kuora kwefirimu reSEI, nokudaro zvichideredza hupenyu hwekufamba kwenguva.

2. Hunhu hwehunyanzvi uye miganhu yepamusoro yechimiro chemaronda

Maitiro ekumonera ndiyo nzira yetekinoroji yakakura kwazvo muindasitiri yemabhatiri e lithium uye inonyanya kukodzera masero e cylindrical uye mamwe masero e prismatic. Chinhu chikuru chayo ndechekuti cathode, separator, uye anode zvinogara zvichimonera munhevedzano ye kathodi–mupatsanuri–anode–mupatsanuri kugadzira chimiro chejelly-roll.

Dhizaini iyi ine zvakanakira zvakawanda, zvinosanganisira kushanda zvakanaka kwekugadzira, michina yakakura, mutengo unodzoreka, uye kugara zvakanaka.

Zvisinei, kana zvikashandiswa zvakanyanya, maronda anosangana nematambudziko akawanda emuviri ayo akaoma kudzivirira.

Chekutanga, magadzirirwo etabhu imwe chete kana kuti diki zvinogona kukonzera kuwanda kwemagetsi. Kana magetsi akawanda achipinda nepasero, magetsi anowanzo yerera zvakanyanya munzvimbo dziri pedyo nematabhu, zvichiita kuti pave nenzvimbo dzinopisa.

Chechipiri, kuvapo kwe pakati pepakati pegomba inoderedza kushandiswa kwesimba, zvichiita kuti pave nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwesimba.

Chechitatu, kukotama kwema electrode sheets panguva yekukombama kunotanga kushushikana kwemagetsi kwakasara, izvo zvinoita kuti kurasikirwa kwezvinhu zvinoshanda kuve nyore panguva yekukwira kwemhepo kakawanda.

Kunyangwe matekinoroji ekugadzirisa ma "multi-tab winding" uye pre-bend achigona kuderedza zvimwe zvezvinetso izvi, chimiro chepakutanga chinoramba chichikonzera nzira refu dzekutakura maerekitironi uye chinoita kuti zviome kuderedza zvakanyanya kupokana kwemukati. Nokudaro, mumashandisirwo ayo kushanda kwepamusoro ndicho chinangwa chikuru, zvivakwa zvemaronda zviri kutsiva zvishoma nezvishoma zvivakwa zvakaunganidzwa.

3. Mabhenefiti ekuvaka uye hwaro hwemuviri hwemabhatiri eLithium akaunganidzwa

Mabhatiri e lithiamu akaunganidzwa zvinogadzirwa nekuisa ma cathode, ma separator, uye anode rimwe nerimwe. Zvakanakira zvikuru zviri mu nzira dzakagadziridzwa dziripo uye kugoverwa kwakawanda kwekushushikana.

Chekutanga, kubva pamaonero ekugoverwa kwazvino, zvivakwa zvakarongwa zvinowanzo shandiswa ma tabo akawanda akafanana, zvichiita kuti magetsi aenderane zvakanyanya mu electrode plane. Current inopfuura nepakati pe electrode layers nenzira yekukora, ichipfupisa nzira zvakanyanya uye nokudaro ichideredza ohmic resistance. Muzviitiko zvekubuditsa mvura zviri pamusoro apa 5C, kuvandudzika kunokonzerwa nekudonha kwemagetsi kunonyanya kuoneka.

Chechipiri, maererano nekutarisira kupisa, kurongeka kwechimiro chakarongwa kunobvumira kugadzirwa kwekupisa kuti kuve kwakafanana, ukuwo kuchibvisawo nzvimbo yekuunganira kupisa inokonzerwa nepakati pemaronda. Kupararira uku kwekupisa kwakafanana kunoderedza njodzi yekupisa kwakanyanya uye kunopa hwaro hwenzvimbo yekupisa hwakanaka hwekugadzira module-level liquid cooling system kana air cooling system.

Chechitatu, maererano nekugadzikana kwemuchina, zvivakwa zvakaunganidzwa zvinodzivirira kukotama kwemaerekitirodhi uye zvinopa kupararira kwakaringana kwekushushikana.
Munguva yekutenderera kwepamusoro-soro, kuwanda kwekuwedzera kwema electrode nekudzika kwemasero kunowedzera. Dhizaini yakarongwa inogona kuderedza njodzi yekushanduka kwezvikamu uye micro-short circuits zvinokonzerwa nekuwanda kwe stress. Data rekuyedza rinoratidza kuti, pasi pehurongwa humwe chete hwezvinhu, masero akarongwa anowanzo ratidza chiyero chekuchengetedza kugona chinopfuura 10% chakakwira kupfuura masero ekukuvara mukuyedzwa kwematanho ekufamba kwepamusoro.

4. Kukosha kweSisitimu yeKuwanda kweSimba uye Kushandiswa kweNzvimbo

Mukugadzira masisitimu ekuchengetera simba, kuwanda kwesimba hakungokanganisi chete maparamita esero rimwe chete, asiwo dhizaini yemakabati ese uye hupfumi hwepurojekiti. Pakati pemasero ekukuvara panogona kunge pakaderera kushandiswa kwehuwandu, nepo zvivakwa zvakaunganidzwa zvichivandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwekuzadza nzvimbo kuburikidza nekurongedza zvinhu zvakatsetseka.

Dzidziso uye mashandisirwo azvo zvinoratidza kuti zvivakwa zvakaungana zvinogona kuita zvinhu zvinosvika huwandu hwesimba rehuwandu hwakakwira ne5%–10%.

Kune masisitimu ekuchengetedza simba emabhizinesi nemaindasitiri, kuvandudzwa uku kunoshandura kuita:

• Yakakwirira kWh/m³
• Dhizaini yekabati yekuchengetera zvinhu zvishoma
• Zvinodiwa zvenzvimbo yemidziyo yakaderera
• Mari yekufambisa nekuisa iri nani

Kana chiyero chehurongwa chasvika pa Mwero weMWh, kuvandudzika kwekushandiswa kwenzvimbo kunounzwa nekusiyana kwemaumbirwo kunogona kushandurwa kuita zvakanakira zvikuru pamutengo weinjiniya.

5. Matambudziko ehunyanzvi eMaitiro eKuunganidza Zvinhu uye Maitiro eIndasitiri

Maitiro ekurongedza zvinhu anoda kunyatsorongeka kwemidziyo, anotora nguva shoma yekugadzira kupfuura kumonera, uye anosanganisira mari yakawanda yekutanga michina. Zvisinei, nekukura kwe michina yekurongedza zvinhu inokurumidza, masisitimu ekuenzanisa maonero, uye michina yekucheka nekurongedza yakabatanidzwa, kushanda kwayo kwavandudzika zvikuru. Mimwe michina yepamusoro yakatoita kuti kushanda kwayo pakurongedza zvinhu kufanane nekushanda kwekumonera.

Pamusoro pezvo, kubuda kwe tekinoroji yemagetsi akaoma uye matekinoroji akabatanidzwa ehybrid stack-wind iri kuita kuti zvivakwa zvakaunganidzwa zvirambe zvichibatsira pakushanda ukuwo zvishoma nezvishoma zvichideredza musiyano wemitengo.

Makwikwi emangwana haazove nyaya yekungounganidza zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana kana kudzokororwa, asi kutsvaga chiyero chakanaka pakati kushanda zvakanaka kwekugadzira uye mashandiro.

6. Kubva paMagadzirirwo Emasero kusvika pakubatanidzwa kweUinjiniya hweSystem-Level

Mukushandiswa kwekuchengetedza simba, sarudzo yechimiro chemasero inofanira kufungwa nezvayo zvichienderana nekugadzirwa kwechikamu chesystem.

Masero akaunganidzwa asingapindi simba zvakanyanya anoshanda zviri nani mukuwedzera kwakafanana, zvichipa kugadzikana kwemagetsi kuri nani uye zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuti BMS ishande. Kufungidzira kweSOC uye kutonga kwekuenzanisaPanguva imwe chete, hunhu hwavo hwekupararira kwekupisa hunokodzera zviri nani zvinodiwa nekukurumidza zvekuchaja/kuburitsa simba remagetsi emagetsi ane simba guru.

Mukugadzira kwedu masisitimu ekuchengetera simba remodular, tinoshandisa mhinduro yebhatiri re lithium-ion inogadzikwa iyo inosanganisa maumbirwo emasero anoshanda zvakanyanya neBMS yakangwara kuti iwedzere kugona kwayo uye ibudise simba rayo zvakanaka. Sisitimu iyi inotsigira kuchaja nekuburitsa zvinhu nekukurumidza, ine hupenyu hwenguva refu uye isingagadziriswi zvakanyanya, uye yakakodzera kushandiswa kuchengetwa kwesimba remagetsi mumabhizinesi nemaindasitiri, kubatanidzwa kwePV-storage, uye mashandisirwo esimba rekuchengetedza simba rine simba guru.

Dhizaini iyi haingoderedzi chete kumanikidzwa kwekudyara mari pakutanga, asiwo inoita kuti kuwedzera kugona mune ramangwana kuve nyore.

7. Pfungwa dzeSarudzo dzeUinjiniya dzeSarudzo yeChimiro

Mukuita kweinjiniya, kusarudzwa kwechimiro kunofanirwa kuongororwa zvizere zvichibva pamatanho anotevera:

• Kana chikumbiro chiri kunyanya mutengo wakaderera uye unodhura zvishoma, chimiro cheronda chinopa zvakanakira zvekukura uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemari.
• Kana system ichida kutenderera kwemhepo kunowanzo itika, kukwanisa kuchaja/kuburitsa mhepo nekukurumidza, kana hupenyu hwenguva refu, chimiro chakavakwa mumatanda chinopa mabhenefiti akasimba ehunyanzvi.
• Kana purojekiti ikaramba ichienderera mberi simba rakawanda uye dhizaini diki, chimiro chakavakwa zvakanaka pakushandiswa kwenzvimbo uye pakutarisira kupisa.

Chinangwa chikuru chekushandiswa kwepamusoro ndechekuti kukosha kwesimba pane kukosha kwesimba.
Kana chinangwa chehurongwa chikachinja kubva pakuchengetera simba zviri nyore kuenda pakutsigira simba uye mhinduro inoshanduka, sarudzo ye chimiro chebhatiri inofanira kuenda kune kushomeka kwekudzivirira kwemukati uye kufanana kwakanyanya.

Kurongeka Kukwikwidzana Munguva Yakakwirira

Nayo nzira dzemagetsi mapfupi, kupararira kwekupisa kwakafanana, uye kugadzikana kuri nani kwemuchina, ivo akaturikidzana lithium bhatiri iri kushandiswa zvakanyanya mumashandisirwo anoitwa nekukurumidza.

Kumakambani ari kuronga masisitimu ekuchengetera magetsi kana kuvandudza zvigadzirwa zvavo, kusarudza chimiro chebhatiri chakakodzera hakusi nyaya yehunyanzvi chete, asiwo inyaya yekuvimbika kwenguva refu uye purofiti yeprojekiti pamari yavanoisa.