Maitiro ekuverenga iyo yakakodzera kumisikidzwa kune yako diki off-grid system?

Wakambofunga nezvekushandisa yako wega solar power system mugomo kabhini, chikepe chehove, kana RV kuti usununguke kubva mukutsamira pane yeruzhinji grid?

Muchokwadi, ichi hachisi chinhu chete mainjiniya anogona kuita. Chero bedzi iwe uchigona mashoma akakosha matanho uye mafomula, iwe unogona kuverenga iyo yakakodzera gadziriso kune yako diki off-grid photovoltaic system.

An off-grid solar system inoreva nzira yakazvimirira isingavimbi negridi yeruzhinji, pachinzvimbo ichivimba zvachose nemagetsi ekugadzira photovoltaic uye kuchengetedza kwebhatiri kusangana nemagetsi zvinodiwa. Yakanakira kushandiswa munzvimbo dziri kure dzemakomo, zvitsuwa, nzvimbo dzevafundisi, maRV, zvikepe zvekuredzesa, nedzimwe nzvimbo dzine simba regidhi risina kugadzikana.

Pazasi, isu tichakutungamira iwe nematanho mana kuti uverenge inodiwa gadziriso.

Danho 1: Sarudza iyo photovoltaic module simba

Simba rephotovoltaic panels (solar panels) rinotarisa kuti yakawanda sei magetsi system yako inogona kugadzira.

Iyo yakakosha yekuverenga nzira ndeye: tanga tarisa kudiwa kwemagetsi ezuva nezuva, wozoisanganisa nemamiriro ekunze enzvimbo (kunyanya kupenya kwezuva) kuti uone simba rose reiyo photovoltaic panels.

Formula:

Module simba = (Kudiwa kwemagetsi ezuva nezuva × Kunoenderera mberi kuine makore zuva rakasara chinhu) ÷ (Avhareji yemaawa ekupenya kwezuva munharaunda × Kushanda kweSistimu)

* Mashandisirwo emagetsi ezuva nezuva: Izvi zvinogona kuverengerwa nekupfupikisa simba rakayerwa rezvishandiso zvese zvakapetwa nenguva yavo yekushandisa.

Semuenzaniso, mwenje we LED 10W × 5 maawa = 50Wh, firiji 60W × 24 maawa = 1440Wh.

* Inoramba iine makore ezuva rakasara chinhu: Kuverengera kusakwana kwekugadzira magetsi mukati memazuva ane makore akatevedzana, chinhu ichi chinowanzoiswa pakati pe1.1 ne1.3.

* Yenzvimbo avhareji yezuva nezuva maawa ezuva: Izvi zvinogona kuwanikwa kubva munharaunda meteorological data. Semuenzaniso, Beijing ine avhareji yeanosvika maawa mana ekupenya kwezuva pazuva, nepo Hainan inogona kuva neanopfuura maawa mashanu.

* Kushanda kweSystem: Izvi zvinokonzeresa kurasikirwa kwetambo, kugona kwemutongi, kurasikirwa kweinverter, nezvimwewo, uye kazhinji kunoiswa pakati pe0.75 ne0.8.

Semuyenzaniso:

Tichifunga kuti mashandisiro ako emagetsi ezuva nezuva i3,000 Wh, avhareji yezuva nezuva maawa ezuva i4.5 maawa, mashandiro ehurongwa i0.78, uye kuenderera kwemazuva ekunaya kwemvura kuri 1.2:

Module simba = (3,000 × 1.2) ÷ (4.5 × 0.78) ≈ 1,026 W

Izvi zvinoreva kuti unoda kuisa photovoltaic panels ine simba rose ringaita 1 kW, zvakadai semana 250 W modules.

Nhanho yechipiri: Sarudza iyo off-grid inverter simba

Iyo inverter inoshandura iyo yakananga ikozvino (DC) kubva kune photovoltaic mapaneru kana mabhatiri kuita alternating ikozvino (AC) kuti ishandiswe neyakajairwa midziyo yemumba.

Simba rayo rinofanira kunge rakakwana kuti rizadzise kudiwa kwako kwesimba kwepakarepo, kunyanya uchifunga nezve inrush yazvino yema inductive mitoro (motor-driven equipment).

Formula:

Inverter simba = (Yakazara resistive mutoro simba + Yese inductive mutoro simba × 5) × Margin factor ÷ Simba chinhu

* Resistive mitoro: Zvishandiso zvinodzivirira zvakaita semagirobhu emwenje, keturu dzemagetsi, uye oveni.

* Inductive mitoro: Equipment ine motors kana compressors, zvakadai sefiriji, pombi dzemvura, air conditioners, etc. Simba repakarepo panguva yekutanga rinogona kuva 5-7 nguva yakarongwa simba.

* Chengetedzo chinhu: Inowanzo iswa pa1.2-1.5 kuve nechokwadi chemuganho.

* Simba chinhu: Kazhinji set pa 0.8–0.9.

muenzaniso:

Tichifunga kuti une 200W light fixture (resistive load), 100W firiji (inductive load), margin factor ye1.3, uye simba factor ye0.85:

Inverter simba = (200 + 100 × 5) × 1.3 ÷ 0.85

≈ (200 + 500) × 1.3 ÷ 0.85

≈ 700 × 1.3 ÷ 0.85

≈ 1070 W

Iwe uchada inverter ine hushoma huwandu hwe1.1 kW, uye zvinokurudzirwa kusarudza 1.5 kW modhi yekudzikama kukuru.

Nhanho 3: Sarudza huwandu hwebhatiri

Bhatiri ndiyo "simba rekuchengetedza" ye-off-grid system, uye magetsi anoshandiswa usiku kana pamazuva ane makore anonyanya kubva mairi. Kugona kunoenderana nehuwandu hwemazuva aunoda kuenderera magetsi uye kushandiswa kwemagetsi zuva nezuva.

Formula:

Bhatiri simba (Ah) = (Kushandiswa kwemagetsi zuva nezuva × Nhamba yemazuva ekupa magetsi mumazuva ane makore) ÷ (Kudzama kwekubuda × Kuchaja/kuburitsa zvakanaka × Battery pack voltage)

* Kudzika Kwekubuda (DOD): Kune mabhatiri e-lead-acid, DOD ye0.5-0.6 inokurudzirwa; ye lithium mabhatiri, DOD ye0.8-0.9 inogamuchirwa.

* Charge/Discharge Effective: Kazhinji set at 0.85–0.9.

* Battery Bank Voltage: Mabatiro akajairika anosanganisira 12V, 24V, uye 48V; yakakwirira voltages inokurudzirwa kune yakakwirira simba zvinodiwa.

muenzaniso:

Tichifunga kuti unoshandisa 3000Wh zuva nezuva uye unoda kuve nesimba kwemazuva maviri emamiriro ekunze ane makore, uchishandisa 2V lithium bhatiri (DOD=48, kunyatsoita=0.9):

Kuwanda kwebhatiri = (3000 × 2) ÷ (0.9 × 0.9 × 48)

≈ 6000 ÷ 38.88

≈ 154 Ah

Iwe waizoda 48V 154Ah (inenge 7.4kWh) bhatiri paki.

Nhanho 4: Sarudza iyo controller yakatarwa

Iyo photovoltaic controller inodzora nzira yekuchaja kubva kune photovoltaic modules kuenda kubhatiri.

Madimikira ayo anonyanya kutsamira pane yakanyanya kupinza ikozvino, yakaverengerwa uchishandisa inotevera formula:

Formula:

Mutongi anopinza ikozvino = Simba guru re photovoltaic modules ÷ Battery pack voltage

Semuyenzaniso, kana photovoltaic mapanera ako ane simba rese re1000W uye bhatiri pack voltage iri 48V:

Mutongi anopinza ikozvino = 1000 ÷ 48 ≈ 20.8A

Naizvozvo, iwe unofanirwa kusarudza mutongi ane yekupinda ikozvino yakakura kupfuura 21A, kazhinji imhando yeMPPT (yakanyanya kushanda, inobatsira pamazuva ane makore).

Mazano anobatsira

1. Bvumira margin: Hupenyu uye kugadzikana kwekushanda kwemidziyo kunoenderana neakakodzera redundancy dhizaini; usagadzirise ma parameter zvakanyanya kuomarara.
2. MPPT inopfuura PWM: Kunyangwe MPPT controller ichidhura zvishoma, inopa yakakwira kugadzirwa kwemagetsi kugona, kunyanya pasi pemamiriro emwenje asina kugadzikana.
3. Isa pamberi mabhatiri e-lithium-ion: Iwo akakwana, akareruka, uye anokwanisa kuburitsa zvakadzika, achipa mari yenguva refu yekuchengetedza.
4. Ronga yekuwedzera kweramangwana: Kana iwe uchitarisira kuwedzera zvimwe midziyo mune ramangwana, iva nechokwadi chakakwana chechimiro chechimiro chezvose zviri zviviri photovoltaic system nemabhatiri.

Nheyo yekugadzira diki off-grid photovoltaic system iri mukunyatso kuverenga kugadziridzwa kunoenderana nezvinodiwa chaizvo, pane kungoita "kutenga mapaneru mashoma nemabhatiri" nekuridaidza zuva.

Shandura aya 4 mafomula:

1. Photovoltaic module simba formula
2. Inverter simba formula
3. Battery capacity formula
4. Mudzori anopinza formula yazvino

Iwe unogona ipapo kuverenga gadziriso yediki off-grid system iyo yakakwana uye yakagadzikana.

Paunenge uchigadzira kekutanga, unogona kuwedzera imwe 10% -20% muganho zvichienderana nemafomu emafomula, zvichibvumira kushanduka kwakawanda mukubata shanduko yemamiriro ekunze uye kuwedzera kwemidziyo.